Definition
The terms "simulation" and "role play", which belong to forms of experiential learning, are often used synonymously.
However, a simulation is usually a familiar or realistic situation in which the role of the participants is less individualised and more predetermined by the role within the simulation, e.g. making a diagnosis.
Both forms generally serve to test conceptual understanding and developed problem-solving skills.
Types of simulations
- Data management: Simulation is often team-based and involves variables that are manipulated.
- Diagnostic and crisis management: cause and effect mechanisms are derived from real cases, e.g. gas explosion and rescue operation. Experts can help with the task.
- Social process management: Learners interact personally with the situations, e.g. as a teacher in a parent interview. These simulations can have different outcomes.
Advantages and disadvantages of assessment with simulations
Advantages
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Simulation provides a form of authentic assessment.
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It shows students a direct, practical relevance of their learning process to their future practice.
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Teachers can assess learners' readiness for the practical component of their studies.
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Technology-based forms of simulation support immediate feedback to learners.
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Simulations provide an effective means of assessing students' context-specific competencies as well as their content knowledge.
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Simulated learning environments have been attributed three key benefits in the medical and health literature:
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They promote an increase in self-efficacy in clinical decision-making,
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they improve clinical communication skills, and
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promote greater student awareness of the role they play in a collaborative care environment.
Disadvantages
- Simulations are not suitable for all students, e.g. if someone has difficulty participating in groups, anxiety is triggered and this affects performance.
- Simulations cannot achieve true authenticity. Therefore, examiners should only use individual aspects of the simulation to assess learners.
- Learners need to be guided before and during the simulation.
- Simulations are time-consuming for learners and should therefore not clash too closely with other examination dates.
- The cost (materials, staff, time) of creating a simulation can be significant.
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